Although the injectable and oral steroids are the most well-known, there are also other mechanisms of delivery. German athletes were the first to use a steroid based nasal spray used much like a decongestant, and has been shown to leave the system after only three days. Skin patches and transdermals are also being utilized. The drug is found on the patch (or in the gel) and is absorbed into the body through the skin and into the bloodstream. Another method of steroid
delivery is by sublingual tablets. These tablets are placed under the tongue and dissolved. The reason for this is that the blood vessels in the mouth, specifically under the tongue, are very close to the surface, causing a rapid infusion of the compound into the bloodstream. During a heart attack, individuals immediately put nitroglycerine tablets under the tongue to stop the myocardial infarction from progressing. Infusion of the compound into the bloodstream takes only a few seconds. The down side of sublingual administration routes is the relatively low amounts of active drug that can be supplied.
steroids for sale uk All oral steroids must undergo oral activation before the drug can be fully absorbed and release its effects on bodily tissues. Although the proposed mechanisms of oral activation are effective in activating the steroid in vivo, the damage to the surrounding bodily tissue is of great concern. Moreover, these same oral activation techniques have been used in many popular prohormones as well, making the athlete taking them susceptible to permanent internal damage.
All oral steroids must undergo oral activation before the drug can be fully absorbed and release its effects on bodily tissues. Although the proposed mechanisms of oral activation are effective in activating the steroid in vivo, the damage to the surrounding bodily tissue is of great concern. Moreover, these same oral activation techniques have been used in many popular prohormones as well, making the athlete taking them susceptible to permanent internal damage.
Testosterone is the most fundamental androgen in existence, and is the compound to which all other steroids are compared. However, the activity of testosterone is considerably ineffective in oral administration, making injection the optimal alternative. It has been the goal of steroid researchers to create an orally active form of testosterone to eliminate the need to inject the drug directly into the body. Orally taken drugs are easier for the user and eliminate the risk of infection due to injection. In order to increase the bioavailability of oral testosterone, a synthetic alteration was used known as 17-alpha alkylation, which is discussed thoroughly in the steroid profiles chapter of this book. This process involves the addition of one alkyl group (ethyl or methyl) to the alpha position of the 17th carbon on the steroid molecule. Doing so purportedly prevents the primary pathway of androgen deactivation from being utilized. This will prevent the oxidation of the 17-keto steroid, which will allow the drug to survive what is known as the "first pass" through the liver. When a drug that is not 17 alpha alkylated, the liver will cause the metabolic degradation of the steroid, rendering it useless.
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